Sunday, April 12, 2020

India’s Oldest Dam


How many of us know that a Dam across River Kaveri was built almost 2000 years back to divert the water for irrigation.  It is more amazing that the dam is still in use and helps irrigating the lands, the purpose for which it was built then.

Kallanai (also known as the Grand Anicut) is the dam built (in running water) across Kaveri  in Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu. Located at a distance of 15 km from Trichy, it was built by the Chola King Karikalan, who had ruled the Chola Kingdom during 2nd Century AD. The other old Dam structures existed in the world at that time are:

1. Lake Homs Dam, Syria (1319–1304 BC)

2. Proserpina Dam, Spain (1st or 2nd century AD)

3. Cornalvo Dam, Spain (1st or 2nd century AD)

4. Kallanai Dam or Grand Anicut, India (circa 2nd Century AD)


Kaveri, then was a perennial River with so many tributaries joining her in the course of her journey. Kaveri’s tributaries are Shimsha, Hemavati, Kabini, Arkavathy, Honnuhole, Lokapavani all in Karnataka and Bhavani, Amaravati and Noyyal in Tamil Nadu.

The Dam is 329 metre long and 20 metre wide. Imagine, how this was constructed when there was no concrete material like cement or steel available at that time.

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